Hot spots, or acute moist dermatitis, are lesions that develop on the skin in response to bites, allergic reactions, poor grooming, chewing and licking skin infections, or other causes. The lesions are typically red, moist, and hot and range in size from 1 to 4 inches. The spots tend to be extremely painful, especially when irritated.

Any dog can develop hot spots, but certain dogs are at an increased risk for the lesions, including longhaired breeds, dogs with thick coats, those with anal sac disease or other conditions that trigger frequent skin licking, and those that swim frequently or spend time in the rain. Dogs with matted, tangled, or dirty coats are also prone to developing the condition.

Even minor hot spots require veterinary attention to determine the underlying cause. Severe or multiple hot spots put your dog at risk for secondary skin infections, hair loss, and other complications and must be treated promptly. If you suspect your dog suffers from hot spots or skin lesions, visit your veterinarian for a full evaluation.

Diagnosing and Treating Hot Spots:

A physical examination and veterinary history are generally sufficient to diagnose hot spots.

Following a complete office examination, your veterinarian will look for the underlying cause of your dog’s skin problem. If fleas, parasites, or biting insects are believed responsible, your veterinarian will prescribe a treatment program to eliminate the infestation and prevent a recurrence.

If a skin or anal gland infection is the likely cause of your dog’s hot spots, topical or oral antibiotics may be necessary. In addition, antihistamines or corticosteroids can prevent itching and scratching, which will, in turn, prevent additional skin damage and promote healing. Your vet may also shave your dog’s hair around each lesion to improve air circulation and encourage wound drying.

Food or environmental allergies may require dietary or lifestyle changes. Sometimes, long-term treatment with allergy medications may be needed to control your dog’s symptoms. Dietary supplements that provide omega-3 fatty acids may improve your dog’s skin and overall health, and an Elizabethan collar will protect your dog’s skin from chewing and licking during recovery.

Preventing Hot Spots on Your Dog’s Skin:

Hot spots are nearly always preventable. Grooming your dog regularly, removing matted hair, clipping overgrown hair, and bathing your dog when he becomes dirty will go a long way toward keeping hot spots away.

Follow a preventive flea program, especially if your dog spends a lot of time outdoors, and check his coat and skin regularly for signs of insects, parasites, or other pests. Report anything unusual or concerning to your veterinarian right away.

If your dog chews or licks when stressed or bored, encourage additional exercise, spend more time with him, and speak with your veterinarian about stress-control techniques and medications. Chewing and licking may indicate a serious underlying problem, such as separation anxiety, that needs to be addressed.

While preventing hot spots is preferable to treating them, prompt treatment can reduce the likelihood of severe infection and minimize pain and other symptoms. Never assume your dog’s lesions will heal independently without intervention; see your veterinarian immediately for treatment.